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電動(dòng)線性執(zhí)行器的類型介紹及選型指南（連載一）

什么是電動(dòng)線性執(zhí)行器？它們與其他類型的執(zhí)行器有何不同？它們有哪些優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)？

這里將詳細(xì)介紹，了解到從最常見(jiàn)的電動(dòng)執(zhí)行器類型及其基本操作到其眾多應(yīng)用和控制方法的內(nèi)容。

What are electric linear actuators? How do they differ from other types of actuators? What are their advantages and disadvantages?

Here, we’ll cover the details you need to know. You’ll learn everything from the most common types of electric actuators and their essential operation to their numerous applications and control methods.

什么是電動(dòng)線性執(zhí)行器？

What is an Electric Linear Actuator?

線性執(zhí)行器是一種傳遞力和運(yùn)動(dòng)的裝置，沿著單個(gè)驅(qū)動(dòng)軸方向推或拉。相比之下，旋轉(zhuǎn)執(zhí)行器傳遞扭矩和圓周運(yùn)動(dòng)，繞其驅(qū)動(dòng)軸順時(shí)針或逆時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)。

最常見(jiàn)的線性執(zhí)行器包括氣動(dòng)、液壓和電動(dòng)執(zhí)行器。氣動(dòng)線性執(zhí)行器是最簡(jiǎn)單、最便宜的選擇，但它們需要壓縮空氣，而壓縮空氣并非總是可用。液壓執(zhí)行器通常比氣動(dòng)執(zhí)行器更可靠，但復(fù)雜度更高，成本也更高。電動(dòng)執(zhí)行器是最靈活的選擇，可提供平穩(wěn)、精確且免維護(hù)的運(yùn)動(dòng)。

電動(dòng)線性執(zhí)行器是一種將電能轉(zhuǎn)換為機(jī)械功的機(jī)電裝置。內(nèi)置電動(dòng)機(jī)的旋轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)通過(guò)內(nèi)置齒輪箱、絲杠和驅(qū)動(dòng)螺母轉(zhuǎn)換為直線運(yùn)動(dòng)。電動(dòng)機(jī)的扭矩輸出通過(guò)齒輪箱放大，從而驅(qū)動(dòng)絲杠。導(dǎo)螺桿的旋轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)又使驅(qū)動(dòng)螺母沿延伸軸平移。最終，隨著導(dǎo)螺桿順時(shí)針或逆時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)，連接在驅(qū)動(dòng)螺母上的活塞會(huì)伸出或縮回。

A linear actuator is a device that delivers force and motion, pushing or pulling along a single drive axis dimension. In contrast, a rotary actuator delivers torque and circular motion, twisting clockwise or counterclockwise around its drive axis.

The most common linear actuators include pneumatic, hydraulic, and electric actuators. Pneumatically linear actuators are the simplest and cheapest option, but they require compressed air, which may not always be available. Hydraulic actuators are generally more reliable than pneumatics but are significantly more complex and costly. Electric actuators are the most flexible option offering smooth and precise maintenance-free motion.

An electric linear actuator is an electro-mechanical device that converts electrical energy into mechanical work. The rotary motion of an internal electric motor converts to linear motion through an internal gearbox, lead screw and drive nut. The torque output from the motor is amplified through the gearbox to drive a lead screw. The rotational motion of the lead screw, in turn, translates the drive nut along the axis of extension. Finally, a piston attached to the drive nut is either extended or retracted as the lead screw rotates clockwise or counterclockwise.

電動(dòng)線性執(zhí)行器的類型

Types of Electric Linear Actuators

電動(dòng)線性執(zhí)行器有多種標(biāo)準(zhǔn)尺寸和配置，適用于從最小的機(jī)器人夾持器到大型工業(yè)和農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械的各種項(xiàng)目。

Electric linear actuators come in several standard sizes and configurations suitable for projects ranging from the smallest robotic grippers to large industrial and agricultural machinery.

常見(jiàn)的線性執(zhí)行器尺寸

Common Linear Actuator Sizes

微型線性執(zhí)行器

Micro Linear Actuators

圖 1：微型線性執(zhí)行器

Figure 1: Micro linear actuators

微型線性執(zhí)行器體積小巧、功耗低且價(jià)格實(shí)惠。它們最適合尺寸受限且無(wú)需施加較大推力的應(yīng)用。大多數(shù)微型線性執(zhí)行器的行程長(zhǎng)度通常小于 200 毫米，甚至可能短至 10 毫米。微型線性執(zhí)行器制造商通常提供 100 毫米（4 英寸）的行程長(zhǎng)度。微型線性執(zhí)行器的最大推力因型號(hào)而異，預(yù)計(jì)在 50 N（11 lbf）至 100 N（22 lbf）之間。因此，微型線性執(zhí)行器所需的功率更低。驅(qū)動(dòng)電壓為 6、12 或 24 V 直流電，最大負(fù)載下的功耗通常低于 12 瓦。圖 1 展示了微型線性執(zhí)行器的示例。

Micro Linear Actuators, are small, low-power, affordable linear actuators. They are best employed when size is the major constraint, and large forces are unnecessary. The stroke length of most micro linear actuators is usually less than 200 mm and may be as short as 10 mm. 100 mm (4 inches) is a typical length offered by micro linear actuator manufacturers. The maximum force delivered by micro linear actuators varies across models. Expect values from 50 N (11 lbf) to 100N (22 lbf). As a result, micro linear actuators require less power to operate. Drive voltages will be either 6, 12, or 24 volts DC, and the power consumed at the maximum load will typically be under 12 watts. Figure 1 shows an example of an micro-linear actuator.

中型線性執(zhí)行器

Mid-Sized Linear Actuators

圖 2：中型線性執(zhí)行器

Figure 2: Mid-Sized linear actuators

中型線性執(zhí)行器是最常見(jiàn)的電動(dòng)線性執(zhí)行器類型。它們比微型線性執(zhí)行器更大，最適合需要更大推力且尺寸并非至關(guān)重要的情況。中型線性執(zhí)行器的行程長(zhǎng)度差異很大，從最短1或2英寸到最長(zhǎng)60英寸不等。圖2展示了中型電動(dòng)線性執(zhí)行器的示例。

制造商通常根據(jù)中型執(zhí)行器的最大動(dòng)態(tài)推力（而非行程長(zhǎng)度）來(lái)分類。雖然大多數(shù)微型線性執(zhí)行器的推力最高約為100N（或22 lbf），但中型線性執(zhí)行器的動(dòng)態(tài)推力通常為數(shù)百磅力 (lbf)，有些甚至高達(dá)4448 N（1000 lbf）。為了支持更大的推力，中型線性執(zhí)行器采用12伏或24伏驅(qū)動(dòng)電壓，功耗可能高達(dá)120瓦。

Mid-Sized linear actuators are the most common variety of electric linear actuators. They’re larger than micro linear actuators and are best suited when greater forces are required, and size is not of the utmost importance. The stroke lengths for mid-sized linear actuators vary greatly from as little as 1 or 2 inches to as great as 60 inches. Figure 2 shows an example of a Mid-Sized linear actuators.

Instead of stroke length, manufacturers tend to categorize mid-sized actuators by their maximum dynamic force. While most micro linear actuators top around 100N (or 22 lbf), mid-sized linear actuators commonly offer dynamic forces in the hundreds of pound-force (lbf), with some delivering up to 4448 N (1000 lbf). In support of their more significant power, mid-sized linear actuators are driven at either 12 or 24 volts and may draw up to 120 watts.

重型線性執(zhí)行器

Heavy-Duty Linear Actuators

圖 3：重型線性執(zhí)行

Figure 3: Heavy-Duty linear actuators

重型線性執(zhí)行器是工業(yè)電動(dòng)線性執(zhí)行器中尺寸最大、功率最強(qiáng)的型號(hào)之一。重型線性執(zhí)行器的行程長(zhǎng)度與中型執(zhí)行器相似，大多數(shù)型號(hào)的行程長(zhǎng)度在1到60英寸之間。大多數(shù)重型線性執(zhí)行器可提供數(shù)千磅力的動(dòng)態(tài)力。雖然大多數(shù)常見(jiàn)型號(hào)提供的力在1,000到15,000磅力之間，但也有一些極其強(qiáng)大的重型電動(dòng)線性執(zhí)行器，其動(dòng)態(tài)力高達(dá)100,000磅力。

重型電動(dòng)線性執(zhí)行器結(jié)構(gòu)堅(jiān)固，包括更耐用的絲杠、變速箱和強(qiáng)大的電機(jī)。一些功率最大的型號(hào)沒(méi)有集成電機(jī)，需要開(kāi)發(fā)人員選擇并安裝專用電機(jī)。圖3展示了重型線性執(zhí)行的一款額定力為1,200磅力的重型線性執(zhí)行器。

Heavy-Duty linear actuators are some of the largest and most powerful industrial electric linear actuators. The stroke lengths available for heavy-duty linear actuators are similar to mid-sized actuators, with most models offering between 1 and 60 inches of extension. Most heavy-duty linear actuators deliver dynamic forces in the thousands of pound-force. While most common models provide between 1,000 and 15,000 lbf of force, it is possible to find extremely powerful heavy-duty electric linear actuators delivering up to 100,000 lbf of dynamic force.

Heavy-duty electric linear actuators offer robust construction, including more rugged lead screws, gearboxes, and powerful electric motors. Some of the most powerful models are manufactured without an integrated electric motor and require the developer to select and install a design-specific motor. Figure 3 shows a heavy-duty linear actuator for 1,200 lbs of force.

常見(jiàn)的線性執(zhí)行器配置

Common Linear Actuator Configurations

大多數(shù)電動(dòng)線性執(zhí)行器都屬于四種易于識(shí)別的機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)之一。

Most electric linear actuators fall into one of four easily recognizable mechanical architectures.

直角或垂直執(zhí)行器

Right Angle or Perpendicular Actuators

直角執(zhí)行器將電動(dòng)機(jī)置于執(zhí)行器活塞的側(cè)面，電機(jī)軸垂直于活塞。制造商通常使用蝸輪將電動(dòng)機(jī)的輸出扭矩旋轉(zhuǎn)90度，以驅(qū)動(dòng)活塞絲杠。圖2展示了直角配置線性執(zhí)行器。

由于蝸輪螺旋螺紋的復(fù)雜性，蝸輪傳動(dòng)比的選擇比簡(jiǎn)單的直齒正齒輪傳動(dòng)要少。因此，直角電動(dòng)線性執(zhí)行器可能無(wú)法提供多種速度與扭矩的組合。一些制造商可能會(huì)通過(guò)在蝸輪傳動(dòng)和絲杠之間添加一個(gè)正齒輪來(lái)克服這一限制。

直角執(zhí)行器的蝸輪傳動(dòng)具有兩個(gè)關(guān)鍵優(yōu)勢(shì)。首先，采用蝸輪傳動(dòng)的電動(dòng)線性執(zhí)行器產(chǎn)生的噪音往往比同類正齒輪平行執(zhí)行器更小。其次，許多蝸輪傳動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)具有自鎖功能，因?yàn)樗鼈兊膬?nèi)摩擦系數(shù)大于蝸桿導(dǎo)程角的正切值。這種自鎖特性賦予它們出色的靜態(tài)負(fù)載能力，即線性執(zhí)行器抵抗施加到執(zhí)行器活塞上的外力的能力。

Right angle actuators place the electric motor to the side of the actuator piston with the motor shaft oriented perpendicular to the piston. Manufacturers most commonly utilize worm gears to translate the output torque of the electric motor 90 degrees to drive the piston lead screw. Figure 2 shows a right-angle configured linear actuator.

Due to the complexity of their spiral threads, worm gearing is available in fewer gear ratios than simpler straight-toothed spur gearing. Thus, right-angle electric linear actuators may not be available in many speed versus torque combinations. Some manufacturers may overcome this limitation by placing an additional spur gear between the worm gearing and the lead screw.

The worm gearing of right-angle actuators offers two key advantages. First, electric linear actuators with worm gear tend to generate less noise than comparable spur gear parallel actuators. Second, many worm gear configurations are self-locking as their internal coefficient of friction is greater than the tangent of the worm’s lead angle. This self-locking property gives them excellent static load capacity, which is the ability of the linear actuator to oppose external forces applied to the actuator piston.

直列式執(zhí)行器

Inline Actuators

圖4：微型筆式直列執(zhí)行器

Figure 4: Micro Pen Inline Actuators

直列式電動(dòng)線性執(zhí)行器將電機(jī)直接置于執(zhí)行器活塞后方，并與活塞成一線。因此，直列式執(zhí)行器外形纖細(xì)，通常類似于液壓管，電機(jī)隱藏在外管內(nèi)。電動(dòng)直列式執(zhí)行器專為需要窄型執(zhí)行器以避免機(jī)械干擾的應(yīng)用而設(shè)計(jì)。雖然它們比同等的垂直或平行執(zhí)行器更長(zhǎng)，但沒(méi)有其他配置能像它一樣纖細(xì)。圖 4 展示了Mirco Pen直列式執(zhí)行器。

大多數(shù)電動(dòng)直列式執(zhí)行器使用行星齒輪系將扭矩從電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)軸傳遞到活塞絲杠。行星齒輪系比平行和垂直線性執(zhí)行器中使用的平行正齒輪和蝸輪更復(fù)雜。正齒輪和蝸輪系通過(guò)單齒輪接觸點(diǎn)傳遞扭矩。相比之下，行星齒輪系通過(guò)每個(gè)行星齒輪和中心太陽(yáng)齒輪之間的多個(gè)接觸點(diǎn)傳遞力。因此，行星齒輪系可以承受更高的扭矩，同時(shí)減少磨損。然而，齒輪嚙合數(shù)量的增加往往會(huì)產(chǎn)生更大的噪音。

Inline electric linear actuators place the motor directly behind and in line with the actuator piston. As a result, inline actuators offer a slim profile, often resembling a hydraulic tube with the motor concealed within the outer tube. Electric inline actuators are designed specifically for applications requiring a narrow actuator to avoid mechanical interference. While they are longer than equivalent perpendicular or parallel actuators, no other configuration is as slim. Figure 4 shows Mirco Pen Inline Actuators.

Most electric inline actuators use planetary gear trains to transfer torque from the motor drive shaft to the piston lead screw. Planetary gear trains are more complex than the parallel spur gears and worm gears used in parallel and perpendicular linear actuators. Spur and worm gear trains transfer torque through single-gear contact points. In contrast, planetary gear trains transfer force through multiple contact points between each planet gear and the central sun gear. Thus, planetary gear trains can handle higher torque with reduced wear. However, the increased number of gear interfaces tends to generate more noise.

平行驅(qū)動(dòng)執(zhí)行器

Parallel Drive Actuator

平行驅(qū)動(dòng)執(zhí)行器將電機(jī)平行放置在執(zhí)行器活塞的側(cè)面。這種放置方式較為普遍，可以平衡執(zhí)行器的整體寬度和長(zhǎng)度。與直列式設(shè)計(jì)相比，將電機(jī)放置在活塞的側(cè)面可以縮短整體長(zhǎng)度；與直角驅(qū)動(dòng)相比，將電機(jī)平行放置在活塞上可以縮短整體寬度。因此，平行驅(qū)動(dòng)執(zhí)行器適用于空間長(zhǎng)度和寬度有限的應(yīng)用。圖 1 和圖 3 均為平行驅(qū)動(dòng)執(zhí)行器的示例。

大多數(shù)平行驅(qū)動(dòng)執(zhí)行器利用內(nèi)部正齒輪將扭矩從電機(jī)傳遞到活塞絲杠。這種簡(jiǎn)單的傳動(dòng)裝置使制造商能夠提供具有更大齒輪比范圍的型號(hào)，從而提供更廣泛的速度和動(dòng)態(tài)扭矩選擇。

Parallel drive actuators place the electric motor parallel and to the side of the actuator piston. This orientation is prevalent and balances the overall width and length of the actuator. Placing the motor to the side of the piston reduces overall length compared to an inline design, and orienting the motor parallel to the piston reduces overall width compared to a right-angle drive. Thus, parallel drive actuators are suitable for applications where the overall length and width of the space are limited. Figures 1 and 3 are both examples of parallel drive actuators.

Most parallel drive actuators utilize internal spur gears to transfer torque from the electric motor to the piston lead screw. This simple gearing allows manufacturers to offer models with a greater range of gear ratios which translates to a broader selection of speed vs. dynamic torque.

電動(dòng)線性執(zhí)行器的最佳應(yīng)用

Best Applications of Electric Linear Actuators

電動(dòng)線性執(zhí)行器廣泛應(yīng)用于從家庭自動(dòng)化到農(nóng)業(yè)和工業(yè)機(jī)械的各種應(yīng)用。它們幾乎適用于所有需要推拉負(fù)載的應(yīng)用，例如升降結(jié)構(gòu)、滑動(dòng)材料或旋轉(zhuǎn)接頭或閥門。電動(dòng)線性執(zhí)行器節(jié)能高效，維護(hù)成本低，并且相對(duì)于其他類型的線性執(zhí)行器而言，總擁有成本較低。

以下部分將通過(guò)介紹各種實(shí)際應(yīng)用來(lái)描述電動(dòng)線性執(zhí)行器的廣泛用途。

Electric linear actuators are useful in applications from home automation to agricultural and industrial machinery. They apply to almost any application that requires pushing or pulling a load. Examples include raising or lowering a structure, sliding material, or rotating a joint or valve. Electric linear actuators are energy efficient, require little maintenance, and have a low total cost of ownership relative to other types of linear actuators.

The following sections describe the broad utility of electric linear actuators by presenting various real-world applications.

物料搬運(yùn)和包裝

Material Handling and Packaging

圖 5：自動(dòng)化包裝設(shè)備

Figure 5: Automated Packaging Equipment

線性執(zhí)行器是精準(zhǔn)、可靠且可編程運(yùn)動(dòng)的卓越動(dòng)力源，適用于產(chǎn)品包裝等物料搬運(yùn)活動(dòng)。工業(yè)包裝流程需要執(zhí)行器之間緊密同步，以便快速可靠地對(duì)產(chǎn)品進(jìn)行分類并將其放入最終紙箱中。

線性執(zhí)行器尤其適用于自動(dòng)化包裝階段的動(dòng)態(tài)多品種環(huán)境。借助合適的傳感器和控制系統(tǒng)，采用電動(dòng)線性執(zhí)行器的包裝系統(tǒng)可以維護(hù)大量獨(dú)特的包裝操作庫(kù)，并執(zhí)行快速切換。因此，循環(huán)時(shí)間得以縮短，機(jī)器效率得以提升。

工廠越來(lái)越多地將電動(dòng)線性執(zhí)行器用于傳統(tǒng)上依賴氣動(dòng)和液壓解決方案的包裝步驟。用于碼垛產(chǎn)品的自動(dòng)化物料搬運(yùn)系統(tǒng)的一個(gè)典型示例是能夠輕松地將箱子堆放在托盤上而無(wú)需人工干預(yù)的系統(tǒng)。

Linear actuators are excellent sources of precise, reliable, and programmable motion applicable to material handling activities such as product packaging. Industrial packaging processes require close synchronization between actuators to sort and place products quickly and reliably into their final carton.

Linear actuators are especially well suited to an automated packaging stage’s dynamic high mix environment. With appropriate sensors and control systems, packaging systems utilizing electric linear actuators can maintain large libraries of unique packaging operations and execute rapid changeover. Thus, cycle times are improved, and machine efficiency increases.

Factories increasingly use electric linear actuators for packaging steps that traditionally rely on pneumatic and hydraulic solutions. An excellent example of an automated material handling system for palletizing products would be one that could easily stack boxes onto pallets without human intervention.

食品和飲料制造

Food and Beverage Manufacturing

圖 6：自動(dòng)化肉類成型設(shè)備

Figure 6: Automated Meat Molding Equipment

電動(dòng)線性執(zhí)行器對(duì)于當(dāng)今高產(chǎn)量的食品和飲料生產(chǎn)環(huán)境至關(guān)重要。除了精度和可靠性之外，電動(dòng)線性執(zhí)行器還非常清潔，非常適合嚴(yán)格的食品和飲料處理要求。具有適當(dāng) IP 防護(hù)等級(jí)的執(zhí)行器型號(hào)具有耐腐蝕性，并且能夠承受極高的壓力，甚至浸泡清潔條件。

例如，電動(dòng)線性執(zhí)行器可用于自動(dòng)切碎和切割，其靈活性使其能夠快速調(diào)整切片尺寸和力度。線性執(zhí)行器也非常適合食品的排列和分類。它們可以定位穿過(guò)傳送帶系統(tǒng)的產(chǎn)品，以便根據(jù)產(chǎn)品屬性進(jìn)行分類或排列以進(jìn)入下一操作階段。

Electric linear actuators are vital to today’s high-volume food and beverage manufacturing environment. In addition to their precision and reliability, electric linear actuators are also clean, making them well-suited to the stringent food and beverage handling requirements. Actuator models with the appropriate IP rating resist corrosion and can regularly endure extremely high pressure or even immersion cleaning conditions.

Electric linear actuators can be found, for instance, in automated chopping and cutting, where their flexibility enables rapid variation in slice size and force. Linear actuators are also well suited to food alignment and sorting. They can position products traversing a conveyor system to sort by product property or align for the next stage of operation.

農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械

Agricultural Machinery

圖 7：現(xiàn)代拖拉機(jī)裝配

Figure 7: Modern Tractor Assembly

堅(jiān)固耐用的電動(dòng)線性執(zhí)行器已取代部分重型農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械的液壓運(yùn)動(dòng)解決方案。液壓執(zhí)行器雖然動(dòng)力強(qiáng)勁，但體積龐大、重量沉重，且缺乏某些農(nóng)業(yè)環(huán)境所需的精度和清潔度。此外，與食品飲料行業(yè)一樣，具有適當(dāng) IP 防護(hù)等級(jí)的電動(dòng)線性執(zhí)行器能夠可靠地抵御惡劣天氣以及農(nóng)用化學(xué)品和清潔劑的危害。

例如，電動(dòng)線性執(zhí)行器可用于噴霧器，用于調(diào)節(jié)噴桿和噴嘴，從而精確覆蓋作物。制造商也在拖拉機(jī)駕駛室內(nèi)外使用電動(dòng)線性執(zhí)行器，用于遠(yuǎn)程調(diào)節(jié)難以觸及的通風(fēng)設(shè)備、后視鏡和車窗。農(nóng)業(yè)飼料系統(tǒng)是電動(dòng)線性執(zhí)行器的另一個(gè)重要應(yīng)用。農(nóng)民可以使用線性執(zhí)行器自動(dòng)控制飼料投放的時(shí)間和投放量，確保牲畜正確、持續(xù)地獲得飼料。

Rugged electric linear actuators have replaced some hydraulics motion solutions for heavy agricultural machinery. While hydraulic actuators are powerful, they are large, heavy, and lack the precision and cleanliness required for some agricultural environments. Further, as with the food and beverage industry, electric linear actuators with the appropriate IP rating can reliably withstand exposure to the elements and the hazards of agricultural chemicals and cleaning agents.

Electric linear actuators can be found, for example, on sprayers, where they can adjust booms and aim nozzles for accurate crop coverage. Manufacturers also use them in and around the tractor cabin, where actuators can remotely adjust out-of-reach ventilation, mirrors, and windows. Agricultural feed systems are another great application of electric linear actuators. Farmers can use linear actuators to automate the timing and volume of feed mechanisms and ensure animals receive feed correctly and consistently.

家庭和辦公室自動(dòng)化

Home and Office Automation

圖 8：百葉窗的家庭自動(dòng)化

Figure 8: Home Automation of Blinds

電動(dòng)線性執(zhí)行器是實(shí)現(xiàn)家庭和辦公室環(huán)境自動(dòng)化運(yùn)動(dòng)的卓越且經(jīng)濟(jì)高效的解決方案。例如，通風(fēng)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)師可以使用線性執(zhí)行器調(diào)節(jié)內(nèi)部風(fēng)門，自動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)建筑管道內(nèi)的氣流，將氣流引導(dǎo)至特定區(qū)域，或通過(guò)混合氣流來(lái)調(diào)節(jié)空氣。

窗戶和窗簾是典型的自動(dòng)化應(yīng)用。遙控線性執(zhí)行器可以打開(kāi)或關(guān)閉觸手可及的窗戶。各種窗簾也可以使用電動(dòng)線性執(zhí)行器進(jìn)行調(diào)節(jié)。中央控制系統(tǒng)可以自動(dòng)定位百葉窗、窗簾或遮光簾等遮蓋物，以便按照每日自動(dòng)計(jì)劃同步移動(dòng)多個(gè)窗戶。

在家庭自動(dòng)化行業(yè)，線性執(zhí)行器非常適合移動(dòng)家居內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)，例如廚房櫥柜、家電、壁櫥和大電視。尤其是平板電視收納系統(tǒng)，在家庭中越來(lái)越受歡迎，因?yàn)殡娨暀C(jī)可以垂直升起或旋轉(zhuǎn)到天花板上，以便在不使用時(shí)將其隱藏起來(lái)。

Electric linear actuators are an excellent and cost-effective solution to automate motion within home and office environments. Designers of ventilation systems, for example, may use linear actuators to adjust internal dampers and automate the regulation of airflow through building ductwork, direct airflow to specific zones, or condition air by mixing air flows.

Windows and window treatments are typical automation applications. Remote-controlled linear actuators can open or close windows out of reach. A variety of window treatments can also be adjusted using electric linear actuators. A central control system can automate the positioning of coverings such as shutters, curtains, or blinds to move several windows in unison on an automatic daily schedule.

In the home automation industry, linear actuators are well suited to moving internal home structures such as kitchen cabinetry, appliances, closet organization, and large televisions. Flat-panel TV storage systems, in particular, have become a popular item in homes where the television is either raised vertically or pivoted into the ceiling to remove it from view when not in use.

汽車和船舶應(yīng)用

Automotive and Marine Applications

電動(dòng)線性執(zhí)行器是汽車和船舶行業(yè)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)配置。它們?cè)谠荚O(shè)備制造商和售后市場(chǎng)中也越來(lái)越普遍。其多功能性使其可用于打開(kāi)、關(guān)閉、調(diào)整角度或提升通風(fēng)口、引擎蓋、后備箱、車門、隔間和面板。搭配合適的控制器，它們可以針對(duì)不同的運(yùn)動(dòng)速度或中間位置執(zhí)行復(fù)雜的運(yùn)動(dòng)軌跡。添加力控制功能可提供一定程度的安全性，例如，當(dāng)檢測(cè)到?jīng)_擊或阻力時(shí)，如果有物體擋住門，可以阻止門關(guān)閉。

電動(dòng)線性執(zhí)行器在船舶行業(yè)同樣有用，在這種情況下，設(shè)計(jì)師依靠具有適當(dāng) IP 等級(jí)的型號(hào)來(lái)保護(hù)它們免受潮濕、鹽分或噴霧的影響。船主使用電動(dòng)線性執(zhí)行器來(lái)打開(kāi)或關(guān)閉不易接近的艙口、通風(fēng)口或窗戶。

Electric linear actuators are standard across both the automotive and marine industries. They are increasingly commonplace for the original equipment manufacturers and the aftermarket industry. Their versatility makes them useful for opening, closing, angling, or lifting vents, hoods, trunks, doors, compartments, and panels. Paired with suitable controllers, they can operate complex motion profiles for different movement speeds or intermediate positions. Adding in force control provides a measure of safety where detecting an impact or resistance could, for instance, stop a door from closing if something is in the way.

Electric Linear actuators are similarly helpful in the marine industry, in which case designers rely on models with a suitable IP rating to protect them from humidity, salt, or spray. Boat owners use electric linear actuators to open or close hatches, vents, or windows that are not easily accessible.

機(jī)器人技術(shù)

Robotics

最后，電動(dòng)線性執(zhí)行器在機(jī)器人構(gòu)造中堪稱天作之合。其精準(zhǔn)度以及力和位置反饋選項(xiàng)使其成為肌肉的完美模擬。驅(qū)動(dòng)機(jī)器人關(guān)節(jié)（旋轉(zhuǎn)關(guān)節(jié)和移動(dòng)關(guān)節(jié)）的電動(dòng)線性執(zhí)行器可提供精確的關(guān)節(jié)位置、速度和加速度控制。

線性執(zhí)行器與功能強(qiáng)大的控制器配合使用時(shí)，可以有效地執(zhí)行自由空間運(yùn)動(dòng)軌跡和受約束的力反饋運(yùn)動(dòng)。它們可以操作各種機(jī)器人關(guān)節(jié)，包括關(guān)節(jié)臂的肘部、精密夾持器和其他工具、XY 定位器以及轉(zhuǎn)向組件。協(xié)同控制系統(tǒng)可以同步多個(gè)線性執(zhí)行器的通道，以驅(qū)動(dòng)多關(guān)節(jié)運(yùn)動(dòng)序列。

Lastly, electric linear actuators are a natural fit in robotics construction. Their precision and options for both force and position feedback make them an excellent approximation of a muscle. Electric linear actuators driving robotic joints (revolute and prismatic) offer precise joint position, velocity, and acceleration control.

Linear actuators can effectively execute free space motion trajectories and constrained force feedback motions when paired with a capable controller. They can operate a variety of robotic joints, including the elbows of articulating arms, precision grippers and other tooling, XY positioners, and steering assemblies. Cooperative control systems can synchronize multiple channels of linear actuators to drive multi-joint motion sequences.